OCEG GRCA GRC Auditor Certification Exam Practice Test

Answer : B

It is important to confirm observations and recommendations with personnel who conduct the work being assessed. Engaging with them ensures accuracy and relevance in the findings and recommendations, as they provide context and insights that the assurance team might not have. This collaboration helps to avoid misunderstandings and ensures that the recommendations are practical and feasible for implementation. Reference:

ISO 19011:2018 - Guidelines for auditing management systems

COSO Internal Control -- Integrated Framework

Answer : B

A NEGATIVE assurance opinion or statement indicates that, based on the procedures performed and evidence obtained, the assurance provider did not identify any reasons to believe that the subject matter does not conform to the applicable criteria. This form of opinion does not provide absolute assurance but rather limited assurance, suggesting that nothing came to the auditor's attention that causes them to believe the subject matter is not fairly stated. Reference:

AICPA Auditing Standards

IIA Standards for the Professional Practice of Internal Auditing

Answer : C

A QUALIFIED assurance opinion or statement indicates that the assessment encountered some limitations, and outside of those limitations, a positive or negative statement can be offered. This type of opinion acknowledges that there are constraints that affected the scope or completeness of the assessment, but within the areas that could be reviewed, the assurance provider can still offer a conclusion. It is a way to communicate the assurance provider's findings while being transparent about any limitations that were encountered. Reference:

IIA Standards for the Professional Practice of Internal Auditing

AICPA Auditing Standards

Answer : B

Identifying root causes helps to find solutions that fix not only the current problem but also prevent other potential problems that stem from the same root cause. This approach leads to more sustainable and effective improvements by addressing the underlying issues rather than just the symptoms. It enhances the overall quality and reliability of processes and controls within the organization. Reference:

ISO 31000:2018 - Risk management -- Guidelines

Root Cause Analysis: Improving Performance for Bottom-Line Results by Robert J. Latino, Kenneth C. Latino, and Mark A. Latino

Answer : A

When writing a complete recommendation, it is important to include specific suggestions or mandatory requirements to comply with in order to fix the problem. This ensures that the recommendation is actionable and provides clear guidance on what needs to be done to address the issue. General comments may not provide enough detail or direction for effective implementation. Clear, detailed recommendations help organizations understand the necessary steps to mitigate risks and improve controls. Reference:

ISO 19011:2018 - Guidelines for auditing management systems

COSO Internal Control -- Integrated Framework

Answer : B

Proactive controls are those measures implemented to prevent undesirable events before they occur. Promoting controls are designed to encourage desired behaviors and outcomes, such as compliance with policies and procedures. Preventive controls are aimed at stopping undesirable events or actions before they happen, such as implementing security measures to prevent unauthorized access. Both types of controls are essential for effective risk management and ensuring the security and integrity of an organization's processes and systems. Reference:

COSO Internal Control -- Integrated Framework

ISO/IEC 27002:2013 - Information technology - Security techniques - Code of practice for information security controls

Answer : A

Risk is defined as a measure of the desirable effect of uncertainty on objectives. According to the ISO 31000 standard, risk is 'the effect of uncertainty on objectives' which can be either positive (opportunity) or negative (threat). This definition encompasses the uncertainty that can impact the achievement of goals and objectives. It highlights that risk is not just about potential losses but also about potential gains that come from taking risks. Reference:

ISO 31000:2018 - Risk management -- Guidelines

NIST SP 800-30 Rev. 1 - Guide for Conducting Risk Assessments