Fortinet FCP_FAZ_AN-7.4 FCP - FortiAnalyzer 7.4 Analyst Exam Practice Test

Answer : A

The exhibit shows a graph that tracks two metrics over time: Receive Rate and Insert Rate. These two rates are crucial for understanding the log processing behavior in FortiAnalyzer.

Understanding Receive Rate and Insert Rate:

Receive Rate: This is the rate at which FortiAnalyzer is receiving logs from connected devices.

Insert Rate: This is the rate at which FortiAnalyzer is indexing (inserting) logs into its database for storage and analysis.

Data Point at 21:20:

At 21:20, the Insert Rate line is above the Receive Rate line, indicating that FortiAnalyzer is inserting logs into its database at a faster rate than it is receiving them. This situation suggests that FortiAnalyzer is able to keep up with the incoming logs and is possibly processing a backlog or temporarily received logs faster than new logs are coming in.

Option Analysis:

Option A - FortiAnalyzer is Indexing Logs Faster Than Logs are Being Received: This accurately describes the scenario at 21:20, where the Insert Rate exceeds the Receive Rate. This indicates that FortiAnalyzer is handling logs efficiently at that moment, with no backlog in processing.

Option B - The fortilogd Daemon is Ahead in Indexing by One Log: The data does not provide specific information about the fortilogd daemon's log count, only the rates. This option is incorrect.

Option C - SQL Database Requires a Rebuild: High receive lag would imply a backlog in receiving and indexing logs, typically visible if the Receive Rate were significantly above the Insert Rate, which is not the case here.

Option D - FortiAnalyzer is Temporarily Buffering Logs to Index Older Logs First: There is no indication of buffering in this scenario. Buffering would usually occur if the Receive Rate were higher than the Insert Rate, indicating that FortiAnalyzer is storing logs temporarily due to indexing lag.

Conclusion:

Correct Answe r : A. FortiAnalyzer is indexing logs faster than logs are being received.

The graph at 21:20 shows a higher Insert Rate than Receive Rate, indicating efficient log processing by FortiAnalyzer.

FortiAnalyzer 7.4.1 documentation on log processing metrics, Receive Rate, and Insert Rate indicators.

Answer : A

The objective is to create a filter that identifies all login attempts to the FortiAnalyzer web interface (GUI) coming from Laptop1 (IP 10.1.1.100) and excludes the admin user. This filter should match any user other than admin.

Filter Components Analysis:

Operation-login: This portion of the filter will target login actions specifically, which is correct for filtering login attempts.

performed_on==''GUI(10.1.1.100)': This indicates that the login attempt must occur on the GUI interface and originate from the specified IP, which matches Laptop1's IP address (10.1.1.100). This ensures that the filter only matches GUI logins from this specific device.

user!=admin: This part excludes logins by the admin user, meeting the requirement to capture only non-admin users.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correctly specifies the Operation-login, performed_on==''GUI(10.1.1.100)', and user!=admin. This setup effectively filters login attempts to the GUI from Laptop1, excluding the admin user.

Option B: Uses the incorrect IP 10.1.1.120 in the performed_on filter, which does not match Laptop1's IP (10.1.1.100).

Option C: This option includes srcip==10.1.1.100 and dstip==10.1.1.210 but incorrectly specifies user==admin instead of user!=admin, which does not match the requirement to exclude admin users.

Option D: This option does not specify the performed_on field to restrict it to the GUI and only includes dstip (destination IP) without srcip. It also incorrectly uses user!-admin instead of the correct syntax user!=admin.

Conclusion:

Correct Answe r : A. Operation-login and performed_on==''GUI(10.1.1.100)' and user!=admin

This filter precisely captures the required conditions: login attempts from Laptop1 to the GUI interface by any user except admin.

FortiAnalyzer 7.4.1 documentation on log filters, syntax for login operations, and GUI login tracking.

Answer : A

When an incident in FortiAnalyzer is identified as a false positive and its status is updated to 'Closed: False Positive,' certain records and logs are updated to reflect this change.

Option A - The Audit History Log Will Be Updated:

FortiAnalyzer maintains an audit history log that records changes to incidents, including updates to their status. When an incident status is marked as 'Closed: False Positive,' this action is logged in the audit history to ensure traceability of changes. This log provides accountability and a record of how incidents have been handled over time.

Conclusion: Correct.

Option B - The Corresponding Event Will Be Marked as Mitigated:

Changing an incident to 'Closed: False Positive' does not affect the status of the original event itself. Marking an incident as a false positive signifies that it does not represent a real threat, but it does not imply that the event has been mitigated.

Conclusion: Incorrect.

Option C - The Incident Will Be Deleted:

Marking an incident as 'Closed: False Positive' does not delete the incident from FortiAnalyzer. Instead, it updates the status to reflect that it is not a real threat, allowing for historical analysis and preventing similar false positives in the future. Deletion would typically only occur manually or by a different administrative action.

Conclusion: Incorrect.

Option D - The Incident Number Will Be Changed:

The incident number is a unique identifier and does not change when the status of the incident is updated. This identifier remains constant throughout the incident's lifecycle for tracking and reference purposes.

Conclusion: Incorrect.

Conclusion:

Correct Answe r : A. The audit history log will be updated.

This is the most accurate answer, as the update to 'Closed: False Positive' is recorded in FortiAnalyzer's audit history log for accountability and tracking purposes.

FortiAnalyzer 7.4.1 documentation on incident management and audit history logging.

Answer : B, D

FortiAnalyzer has two primary operating modes: Analyzer mode and Collector mode. Each mode serves specific purposes and has distinct capabilities.

Option A - Forwarding Logs to a Syslog Server in Collector Mode:

In Collector mode, FortiAnalyzer collects logs from Fortinet devices but does not process or analyze them. Instead, it forwards the logs to other FortiAnalyzer units in Analyzer mode or to specific storage locations. However, forwarding logs to a syslog server is not a function of Collector mode. Logs are generally stored or sent to other FortiAnalyzer devices.

Conclusion: Incorrect.

Option B - Default Mode is Collector Mode Unless Configured for HA:

When a FortiAnalyzer is initially set up, it runs in Collector mode by default unless it is configured as part of a High Availability (HA) setup, which would set it to Analyzer mode. Collector mode prioritizes log collection and storage rather than analysis, offloading analysis to other devices in the network.

Conclusion: Correct.

Option C - Report Creation and Editing in Collector Mode:

In Collector mode, FortiAnalyzer does not have the capability to create or edit reports. This mode is focused solely on log collection and forwarding, with analysis and report generation left to FortiAnalyzer units operating in Analyzer mode.

Conclusion: Incorrect.

Option D - Performance Improvement with Both Modes in Topology:

Deploying FortiAnalyzer devices in both Collector and Analyzer modes in a network topology can enhance performance. Collector mode devices handle log collection, reducing the workload on Analyzer mode devices, which focus on log processing, analysis, and reporting. This separation of tasks can optimize resource usage and improve the overall efficiency of log management.

Conclusion: Correct.

Conclusion:

Correct Answe r : B. FortiAnalyzer runs in collector mode by default unless it is configured for HA and D. A topology with FortiAnalyzer devices running in both modes can improve their performance.

These answers correctly describe the functionality and default configuration of FortiAnalyzer operating modes, along with how a mixed-mode topology can enhance performance.

FortiAnalyzer 7.4.1 documentation on operating modes (Collector and Analyzer) and their respective capabilities.

Answer : A, D

When a generated report does not contain the expected information even though the logs are confirmed to be present, it typically indicates an issue with the report's configuration. There are a few common reasons this might happen:

Option A - Check the Time Frame Covered by the Report:

Reports are generated based on a specific time frame. If the report's time frame does not cover the period when the relevant logs were collected, those logs won't appear in the report output. Verifying and adjusting the time frame is essential to ensure the report includes all relevant data.

Conclusion: Correct.

Option B - Disable Auto-Cache:

Auto-cache is designed to improve report generation speed by using cached data. Disabling auto-cache would typically only be relevant if the report is pulling outdated data from cache, but it doesn't directly affect whether specific logs are included in a report.

Conclusion: Incorrect.

Option C - Increase the Report Utilization Quota:

The report utilization quota is related to the resource limits for generating reports. It does not directly influence whether certain data appears in a report. Increasing this quota would help only if there are resource issues preventing the report from completing, not if specific logs are missing from the report.

Conclusion: Incorrect.

Option D - Test the Dataset:

Datasets determine which logs and data fields are pulled into the report. If a dataset is configured incorrectly or does not include the required log fields, it could lead to missing information. Testing the dataset allows you to verify that it's correctly configured and pulling the expected data.

Conclusion: Correct.

Conclusion:

Correct Answe r : A. Check the time frame covered by the report and D. Test the dataset.

These steps directly address the issues that could lead to missing information in a report when logs are available but not displayed.

FortiAnalyzer 7.4.1 documentation on report generation settings, time frames, and dataset configuration for accurate report results.

Answer : C

In FortiAnalyzer, archive logs refer to logs that have been compressed and stored to save space. This process involves compressing the raw log files into the .gz format, which is a common compression format used in Fortinet systems for archived data. Archiving is essential in FortiAnalyzer to optimize storage and manage long-term retention of logs without impacting performance.

Let's examine each option for clarity:

Option A: Logs that are indexed and stored in the SQL database

This is incorrect. While some logs are indexed and stored in an SQL database for quick access and searchability, these are not classified as archive logs. Archived logs are typically moved out of the database and compressed.

Option B: Logs a FortiAnalyzer administrator can access in FortiView

This is incorrect because FortiView primarily accesses logs that are active and indexed, not archived logs. Archived logs are stored for long-term retention but are not readily available for immediate analysis in FortiView.

Option C: Logs compressed and saved in files with the .gz extension

This is correct. Archive logs on FortiAnalyzer are stored in compressed .gz files to reduce space usage. This archived format is used for logs that are no longer immediately needed in the SQL database but are retained for historical or compliance purposes.

Option D: Logs previously collected from devices that are offline

This is incorrect. Although archived logs may include data from devices that are no longer online, this is not a defining characteristic of archive logs.

Answer : B

In FortiOS and FortiAnalyzer logging systems, when an event has a status of 'Mitigated' in the Event Status column, it typically indicates that the system took action to address the identified threat. In this case, the Web Filter blocked the web request to a suspicious destination, and the event status 'Mitigated' confirms that the action was successfully implemented to neutralize or block the security risk.

Let's review the answer options:

Option A: The risk source is isolated.

This is incorrect because 'isolated' would imply that FortiGate took further steps to prevent the source device from communicating with the network. There is no indication of isolation in this event status.

Option B: The security risk was blocked or dropped.

This is correct. The 'Mitigated' status, along with the Web Filter event type and the accompanying description, implies that the FortiGate or FortiAnalyzer successfully blocked or dropped the suspicious web request, which corresponds to the term 'mitigated.'

Option C: The security event risk is considered open.

This is incorrect because an open status would indicate that no action was taken, or the threat is still present. The 'Mitigated' status indicates that the threat has been addressed.

Option D: An incident was created from this event.

This option is not correct or evident based on the given display. Although FortiAnalyzer or FortiGate could escalate certain events to incidents, this is not indicated here.

The FortiOS 7.4.1 and FortiAnalyzer 7.4.1 documentation specify that 'Mitigated' status in logs means the identified threat was handled, usually by blocking or dropping the action associated with the event, particularly with Web Filter and Security Policy logs.