Compared to equities, bonds most likely:
Answer : C
Bonds are typically considered inferior in the capital structure compared to equities, meaning bondholders are paid after senior debt but before equity holders in the event of a liquidation. (ESGTextBook[PallasCatFin], Chapter 8, Page 451)
If a company faces significant environmental regulations, investors would most likely decrease the company's:
Answer : C
Facing significant environmental regulations may reduce a company's cash flow projections due to the costs associated with compliance, fines, or the need to invest in cleaner technologies. (ESGTextBook[PallasCatFin], Chapter 7, Page 325)
The UK's Green Finance Strategy identifies the policy lever of greening finance as:
Answer : C
The UK's Green Finance Strategy emphasizes the importance of ensuring that environmental and climate factors are systematically considered in financial decisions, including lending and investment activities. (ESGTextBook[PallasCatFin], Chapter 3, Page 153)
Which of the following ESG factors has the clearest link to corporate financial performance?
Answer : B
Governance has the clearest and most direct link to corporate financial performance, as strong governance practices help reduce risk, improve decision-making, and lead to more sustainable long-term growth. (ESGTextBook[PallasCatFin], Chapter 5, Page 236)
Which of the following best describes a mature ESG regulatory framework? A government putting forward:
Answer : A
A mature ESG regulatory framework often includes a 'comply or explain' regulation, which requires companies to either comply with ESG standards or explain why they are not following them, promoting greater transparency and accountability. (ESGTextBook[PallasCatFin], Chapter 9, Page 522)
In governance analysis, a threshold assessment best describes a minimum:
Answer : A
A threshold assessment refers to setting a minimum criterion for governance practices that must be met before considering an investment in a company. (ESGTextBook[PallasCatFin], Chapter 5, Page 259)
Determining which ESG issues are material:
Answer : A
Determining material ESG issues involves significant judgment based on the company's industry, business model, and specific risk factors. This process helps to focus on the most relevant ESG considerations. (ESGTextBook[PallasCatFin], Chapter 7, Page 325)